{"id":137,"date":"2024-12-18T19:58:29","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T18:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/?p=137"},"modified":"2025-02-13T17:44:24","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T16:44:24","slug":"apres-plusieurs-echecs-est-il-raisonnable-de-continuer-les-deux-paradoxes-du-lampadaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/18\/apres-plusieurs-echecs-est-il-raisonnable-de-continuer-les-deux-paradoxes-du-lampadaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Apr\u00e8s plusieurs \u00e9checs, est-il raisonnable de continuer ? Les deux paradoxes du lampadaire."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un homme ayant perdu ses cl\u00e9s dans la nuit, les cherche de r\u00e9verb\u00e8re en r\u00e9verb\u00e8re. Il arrive au dernier\u2026 Il ne sait pas si c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;endroit o\u00f9 il les a perdues mais c&rsquo;est le seul lieu \u00e9clair\u00e9 de la rue qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;a pas encore visit\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Homme-cherchant-ses-cles-perdues-dans-la-rue-en-pleine-nuit-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-335\" style=\"width:397px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Homme-cherchant-ses-cles-perdues-dans-la-rue-en-pleine-nuit-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Homme-cherchant-ses-cles-perdues-dans-la-rue-en-pleine-nuit-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Homme-cherchant-ses-cles-perdues-dans-la-rue-en-pleine-nuit-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Homme-cherchant-ses-cles-perdues-dans-la-rue-en-pleine-nuit-1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Homme-cherchant-ses-cles-perdues-dans-la-rue-en-pleine-nuit-1-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>En pers\u00e9v\u00e9rant, l&rsquo;individu progresse dans sa recherche. A-t-il pour autant plus de chances de trouver ses cl\u00e9s lors de cette ultime tentative qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;en avait \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re ? Nous avons tendance \u00e0 chercher des solutions l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il est facile de chercher et de pers\u00e9v\u00e9rer, mais cela est-il vraiment pertinent ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Ce n&rsquo;est pas \u00e9vident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus il y a de tentatives infructueuses, plus les chances de trouver les cl\u00e9s sous un lampadaire sont faibles : il y a en effet plus de chances de les trouver sous un des lampadaires <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cdc25819a22905185e203bd91b7e07b5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#123;&#32;&#40;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#41;&#44;&#40;&#107;&#43;&#50;&#41;&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;&#40;&#110;&#41;&#32;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"170\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> que parmi les lampadaires <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f1e86577701074ca7d890ab13eedc8e1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#123;&#32;&#40;&#107;&#43;&#50;&#41;&#44;&#40;&#107;&#43;&#51;&#41;&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;&#32;&#40;&#110;&#41;&#32;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"170\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. En m\u00eame temps, il y a plus de chances de ne pas les trouver sous les <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> premiers lampadaires que sous les <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-034c39d4b7d316d667a826f1d4172d46_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"52\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> premiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors, lequel des deux effets va l&#8217;emporter ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C&rsquo;est le <strong>premier paradoxe du lampadaire<\/strong>. \u00c0 chaque \u00e9tape la probabilit\u00e9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9382a0687cf0caa78dedec909975943a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> que les cl\u00e9s soient sous un autre lampadaire, sachant qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas sous les premiers, diminue avec le nombre de tentatives <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. Cependant la probabilit\u00e9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f236e70d8a113db74cfc5d479bffefb5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, de les trouver \u00e0 chaque nouveau lampadaire, sachant qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas sous les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, est toujours plus grande qu&rsquo;au d\u00e9part\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment raisonner ? Globalement, les <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ec4217f4fa5fcd92a9edceba0e708cf7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> lampadaires \u00e9clairent une certaine proportion <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5faad0904f612a3fa5b27faafb8dc903_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#112;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> de la rue. Pour nous, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5faad0904f612a3fa5b27faafb8dc903_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#112;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> est donc un nombre connu strictement compris entre 0 et 1 exprimant tout simplement la probabilit\u00e9 que les cl\u00e9s soient \u00e9clair\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tous les lampadaires ne sont pas \u00e9quivalents, il y a plus de chances de trouver les cl\u00e9s \u00e0 certains endroits plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;\u00e0 d&rsquo;autres. On note <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6bf19e47a31b4684d060ed49eded1bcf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#112;&#95;&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"17\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> la part qui revient au r\u00e9verb\u00e8re <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bdbd85c2fc9396d23842ab1f2cb0a985_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"22\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. Autrement dit, la probabilit\u00e9 que les cl\u00e9s soient au pied du lampadaire <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bdbd85c2fc9396d23842ab1f2cb0a985_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"22\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> vaut : <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c26e09e8a1a72f50e4ff6e32ff14039f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#112;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. On suppose aussi que l&rsquo;individu commence sa recherche par les endroits qui sont les plus probables, on suppose donc :<br><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 18px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7d55590f282ef07cd97c2f0a6c0b046f_l3.png\" height=\"18\" width=\"240\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#112;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#92;&#103;&#101;&#113;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#103;&#101;&#113;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#32;&#92;&#103;&#101;&#113;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#110;&#44;&#32;&#92;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#100;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#93;&#48;&#44;&#49;&#91;&#44;&#32;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 16px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b53d31951a4560b75d2cb81c8894a34c_l3.png\" height=\"16\" width=\"195\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#101;&#116;&#32;&#125;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#110;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On d\u00e9signe enfin par <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-88df03c55e081c7cd9da4e7d74ba7265_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> la fonction de r\u00e9partition associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la distribution des <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d67865a274f876a3db22d9e4fbf7dd7b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#112;&#95;&#105;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> de la fa\u00e7on suivante :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 19px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0184d37231f06c62e51585129d06e97e_l3.png\" height=\"19\" width=\"253\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#70;&#40;&#48;&#41;&#61;&#48;&#44;&#70;&#40;&#105;&#41;&#61;&#112;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#50;&#32;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#44;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 19px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-81144ee9306f3465385301983cc73556_l3.png\" height=\"19\" width=\"75\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#70;&#40;&#110;&#41;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s lors, la probabilit\u00e9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9382a0687cf0caa78dedec909975943a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> que les cl\u00e9s soient sous un des <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-878c0e1448a046d381ebb0e68c7dc645_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#110;&#45;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"54\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> lampadaires restants sachant qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas sous les <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> premiers est donn\u00e9e par :<br><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 43px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cc7450ab56952562d4e20a82ca781847_l3.png\" height=\"43\" width=\"276\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#112;&#32;&#40;&#112;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#110;&#41;&#125;&#123;&#40;&#49;&#45;&#112;&#41;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#32;&#40;&#112;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#110;&#41;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 41px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-976ce4aa71d4642d55497852a4572e6d_l3.png\" height=\"41\" width=\"174\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#45;&#112;&#125;&#123;&#112;&#32;&#70;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#49;&#125;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On remarque effectivement que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9382a0687cf0caa78dedec909975943a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> est une fonction d\u00e9croissante de <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u00c0 chaque \u00e9tape <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, la probabilit\u00e9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9382a0687cf0caa78dedec909975943a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> que les cl\u00e9s soient sous un des lampadaires restants, sachant qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas sous les <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> premiers, diminue bien avec <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, savoir qu&rsquo;il y a eu <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u00e9checs avant la <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-034c39d4b7d316d667a826f1d4172d46_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"52\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>-i\u00e8me tentative donne \u00e0 la probabilit\u00e9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f236e70d8a113db74cfc5d479bffefb5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> de la pr\u00e9sence des cl\u00e9s sous ce <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-034c39d4b7d316d667a826f1d4172d46_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"52\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>-i\u00e8me lampadaire une valeur plus grande que celle qu&rsquo;elle avait a priori au d\u00e9part :<br><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9fe30daf6ceebd25dbf375c1f919edf3_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"293\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#98;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#112;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#40;&#49;&#45;&#112;&#41;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#40;&#112;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#110;&#41;&#125;&#32;&#32;&#125;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ac41b1d3a9d2e434688581a56be6c6d1_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"211\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#98;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#112;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#112;&#32;&#70;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#103;&#101;&#113;&#32;&#112;&#32;&#112;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#125;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce calcul montre en particulier que  pour <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-574ae06293dabab707f9c2581cc99b0b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#117;&#95;&#107;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#112;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#70;&#40;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"131\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>:<br><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 35px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6078deb2e98b8cb66b7ca3bb7392cc55_l3.png\" height=\"35\" width=\"133\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#98;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#117;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#117;&#95;&#107;&#125;&#44;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><br>et donc que cette probabilit\u00e9 est maximale lorsque le quotient <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7ef4ffc9706e6f4a276ea0e4e2462f75_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#117;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#43;&#49;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#117;&#95;&#107;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"31\" style=\"vertical-align: -8px;\"\/> est minimal, et r\u00e9ciproquement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceci  conduit au <strong> second paradoxe du lampadaire<\/strong> : la probabilit\u00e9 de trouver ses cl\u00e9s apr\u00e8s une succession d&rsquo;\u00e9checs peut \u00eatre plus grande sous un lampadaire autre que le premier, m\u00eame si ce dernier \u00e9tait a priori le plus probable\u2026 Par exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"814\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Image-calcul-Nuage-1024x814.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-238\" style=\"width:419px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Image-calcul-Nuage-1024x814.png 1024w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Image-calcul-Nuage-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Image-calcul-Nuage-768x610.png 768w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Image-calcul-Nuage-1536x1221.png 1536w, https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Image-calcul-Nuage.png 1579w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;histoire est int\u00e9ressante, car elle permet de d\u00e9crire la t\u00e9nacit\u00e9 de quelqu&rsquo;un qui s&rsquo;accroche \u00e9chec apr\u00e8s \u00e9chec en poursuivant son effort. Dans cette description, la forme de la distribution de la probabilit\u00e9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-365ce0578ced2a7100d2a736d69d5dfb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#112;&#95;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"29\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> est importante. Si, par exemple, l&rsquo;individu n&rsquo;a aucune id\u00e9e de l&rsquo;endroit o\u00f9 il a perdu ses cl\u00e9s, il peut supposer les lampadaires \u00e9quiprobables : pour tout lampadaire <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> dans  {1,2,&#8230;,n}  : <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-853c37759596ed873fec28d68e89057e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#112;&#95;&#107;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"53\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans ce cas, la pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance de l&rsquo;individu repose beaucoup sur l&rsquo;espoir de trouver la cl\u00e9 sous un des lampadaires non encore explor\u00e9s. Apr\u00e8s <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u00e9checs, cette probabilit\u00e9 s&rsquo;\u00e9crit avec l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se d&rsquo;\u00e9quiprobabilit\u00e9 des lampadaires :<br><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 40px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-26435bdb11d4a2c0e7c27c8cf659514b_l3.png\" height=\"40\" width=\"147\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#95;&#101;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#112;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#107;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#112;&#107;&#125;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Question<\/strong> : Parmi toutes les distributions <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-365ce0578ced2a7100d2a736d69d5dfb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#112;&#95;&#107;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"29\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> possibles, la distribution \u00e9quiprobable <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-673f9bf9d3ab9f0fccbe97864273920e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#112;&#95;&#107;&#61;&#49;&#47;&#110;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>  est-elle optimale au sens o\u00f9 pour tout <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d42bc2203d6f76ad01b27ac9acc0bee1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> dans <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b423ecb9451a984c8f8a7d448cbee525_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#123;&#32;&#49;&#44;&#50;&#44;&#92;&#108;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;&#44;&#110;&#32;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"75\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> :<br><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 19px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ff070e71457570f7db85308ef7023df3_l3.png\" height=\"19\" width=\"265\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#103;&#101;&#113;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#95;&#101;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#32;&#92;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#100;&#32;&#61;&#62;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#92;&#97;&#108;&#112;&#104;&#97;&#95;&#101;&#40;&#107;&#41;&#63;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/reponse-au-texte-concernant-les-paradoxes-du-lampadaire\/\">R\u00e9ponse.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un homme ayant perdu ses cl\u00e9s dans la nuit, les cherche de r\u00e9verb\u00e8re en r\u00e9verb\u00e8re. Il arrive au dernier\u2026 Il ne sait pas si c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;endroit o\u00f9 il les a perdues mais c&rsquo;est le seul lieu \u00e9clair\u00e9 de la rue qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;a pas encore visit\u00e9\u2026 En pers\u00e9v\u00e9rant, l&rsquo;individu progresse dans sa recherche. A-t-il pour autant &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/18\/apres-plusieurs-echecs-est-il-raisonnable-de-continuer-les-deux-paradoxes-du-lampadaire\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> de &laquo;&nbsp;Apr\u00e8s plusieurs \u00e9checs, est-il raisonnable de continuer ? Les deux paradoxes du lampadaire.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[8,9,6,7],"class_list":["post-137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-probabilites","tag-apologue-du-lampadaire","tag-matrices-bistochastiques","tag-probabilites-conditionnelles","tag-theoreme-de-hardy-littlewood-polya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137"}],"version-history":[{"count":74,"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":336,"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions\/336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brunolovat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}